![\"\"](\"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/unnamed-001-300x173.jpg\")
<\/p>\n1844 y\u0131l\u0131nda havan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r, kasvetli oldu\u011fu zaman diliminde Prusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde yer alan K\u00f6ln \u015fehrinde bir gazete b\u00fcrosunda (Die\u00a0Neue\u00a0Rheinische\u00a0Zeitung) gazete \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma halindedir. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma asl\u0131nda bir ki\u015finin yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 daha net ve somut ifade etme yol ayr\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015far\u0131nda polis gazete b\u00fcrosuna bask\u0131n yapmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7eride hararetli bir tart\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6z konusudur.\u00a0Marks\u00a0gazetenin politikas\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirirken Hegel\u2019ci bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n gazetenin sayfalar\u0131na hakim oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. \u0130dealist bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 var olan d\u00fczenin devam ettirmek anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini ama materyalist ve diyalektik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015ftirmek oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fim ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r ve bunu yeni olu\u015fmu\u015f olan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yapacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ormanda sahipsiz a\u011fa\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 (dallar\u0131n\u0131) toplayan k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve emek\u00e7ilere her yerin sahibi oldu\u011funu iddia eden g\u00fc\u00e7 sahipleri ad\u0131na yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 dallar\u0131 almak yani \u00e7almak su\u00e7undan eziyet etmektedir. Bu ya\u015fanan somut durumun somut tahlili Marks\u2019\u0131n yeni yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 da bi\u00e7imlendirmektedir. De\u011fi\u015ftirmesi gereken bir durum s\u00f6z konusudur, var olan\u0131 art\u0131k iyile\u015ftirecek her hangi bir yorum g\u00fc\u00e7 sahipleri lehine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n
Polis bask\u0131n\u0131 gazetenin kapanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Her biri bu durumu bilmektedir ve bundan sonra ne yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fmaktalar\u2026\u00a0Marks\u00a0art\u0131k yeni bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7mak ad\u0131na b\u00fcronun kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7acak ve teslim olacakt\u0131r. Gazetenin sahibi de tutuklan\u0131r ve karakola giderken yeni rotlar\u0131n\u0131 da birbirine a\u00e7\u0131klarlar, daha cesur bir gazete \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r tutuklanmaya cevap. Ama s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderililer birlikte\u2026 Paris s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeridir onlar\u0131n ve kavgalar\u0131n\u0131 oradan s\u00fcrd\u00fcreceklerdir. Gazete \u00e7\u0131kar.\u00a0Marks\u00a0ge\u00e7imini gazetelere yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lardan sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r\u2026 Fakirdir ve evlidir. \u0130kinci \u00e7ocu\u011funun haberini almadan \u00f6nce gazete b\u00fcrosunda\u00a0Engels\u00a0ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r ve ilk temas de\u011fildir, daha \u00f6nce Berlin\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ama\u00a0birbirlerine\u00a0uzak durmu\u015flar.. \u015eimdi\u00a0birbirlerini\u00a0uzaktan da olsa daha iyi tan\u0131maktalar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her iki tarafta birbirinin yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 okumu\u015f ve ilgi ile kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Marks\u2019\u0131n teorisine cevap asl\u0131nda Engels\u2019in \u0130ngiltere\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fczerine yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kitap kapatmaktad\u0131r\u2026 Engels\u2019in teori a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da\u00a0Marks\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r\u2026 \u0130ki ayr\u0131 d\u00fcnya, biri burjuva ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inden gelmi\u015f ve hala babas\u0131n\u0131n burjuva k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 birden fazla \u015fehirde fabrika sahibi bir kapitalist.\u00a0Engels\u00a0babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Sanayi devrimin de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u0130ngiltere Manchester \u015fehrinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin durumunu g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f, ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve \u201c\u0130ngiltere’de Emek\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n Durumu\u201d adl\u0131 kitapta toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Engels\u00a0do\u011fal g\u00f6zlemi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve rahatl\u0131kla ili\u015fki kurabilen biridir. Babas\u0131n\u0131n fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n nas\u0131l bir arada olamad\u0131klar\u0131, hakl\u0131 olsalar da haklar\u0131n\u0131 ekmek kayg\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden sessizce kabul ettiklerini g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f ve bir g\u00fcn fabrikada ya\u015fanan i\u015f\u00e7i cinayeti sonras\u0131 \u0130rlandal\u0131 bir i\u015f\u00e7inin (Mary\u00a0Burns) itiraz\u0131na \u015fahitlik etmi\u015f ve dik duru\u015fu ona ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015ften ayr\u0131lan \u0130rlandal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131n\u0131 izler ve onlar\u0131n toplu bulundu\u011fu kahveye gitmi\u015ftir. Bu takip onda\u00a0Marks\u00a0ile yolculu\u011funa ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r asl\u0131nda… Bilmeden iki Alman vatanda\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fka co\u011frafyalarda tercihleri yolarl\u0131n\u0131 kesi\u015ftirecektir\u2026<\/p>\n
\u0130ki insan biri s\u00fcrg\u00fcn Paris sokaklar\u0131ndad\u0131r\u2026 Ortak imza kullanacaklar\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da ilk ad\u0131md\u0131r. Paris o zaman diliminde anar\u015fistler, sosyalistlerin da tart\u0131\u015fma ve propaganda alan\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 sokaklar bir \u015fenlik havas\u0131ndad\u0131r, i\u015f\u00e7iler kendilerine a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131lara ilgilidir. \u0130zlemekte ve tart\u0131\u015fmalara taraf olmaktad\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n
Mark bir sokak etkinli\u011finde\u00a0Proudhon\u00a0ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u2026 Onun soyut kavramlar\u0131na somut sorular sorarak ilgisini \u00e7eker be k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u201csamimi\u201d bir ileti\u015fim i\u00e7inde olurlar\u2026<\/p>\n
Karl\u00a0Marx, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin bi\u00e7imlendi\u011fi 1844’l\u00fc y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak materyalistti ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar felsefeyi bilimsel temelleri \u00fczerine oturtma m\u00fccadelesi verdi, oturttu ve geli\u015ftirdi. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini Paris\u2019te kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0Proudhon\u00a0ile tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin ayn\u0131 zamanda test edilmesi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r ve belirleyici olacakt\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n
Proudhon\u00a0ele\u015ftirisi \u201cEle\u015ftirel Ele\u015ftirinin Ele\u015ftirisi\u201d olarak ilk anda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de daha sonra Mark taraf\u0131ndan \u201cKutsal Aile\u201d olarak yay\u0131nlanacakt\u0131r. Elbette bu ele\u015ftirel tutuma giden yol Mark ve Engels\u2019in \u0130ngiltere merkezli uluslar aras\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcyelikleri i\u00e7in kendilerine referans olarak g\u00f6sterdikleri Lyon\u2019da \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olan Proudhon\u2019u bu \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc yap\u0131 i\u00e7ine davet etmeleri gerekmektedir\u2026 Fakat Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir toplant\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda\u00a0Proudhon\u00a0kat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir ve en son \u00e7\u0131kan kitab\u0131n\u0131 hediye eder. Kutsal Aile bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar, bir anlamda bir kopu\u015fu da temsil eder\u2026\u00a0Marks\u00a0ve\u00a0Engels\u00a0art\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc y\u00f6nlerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.\u00a0Marks, bug\u00fcne kadar filozoflar\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde yorumlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, art\u0131k d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n
Londra\u2019da yap\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ikinci kongresinde\u00a0Engels\u00a0salona hakim bir konu\u015fma yaparak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ad\u0131n\u0131n Kom\u00fcnist Birli\u011fi oldu\u011funu ilen eder. \u0130lan etmek ile kalmaz Manifesto yaz\u0131m\u0131 i\u015fini de\u00a0Marks,\u00a0Engels\u00a0ve Marks\u2019\u0131n e\u015fi\u00a0Jenny\u00a0Marx\u00a0\u00fcstelenmi\u015ftir. Merkez komite gibidir Mark\u2019\u0131n evi\u2026 Engels\u2019in e\u015fi (hayat arkada\u015f\u0131) Mary\u00a0Burns\u00a0evlilik kurumuna kar\u015f\u0131 keskin ve radikal ele\u015ftirisi filmin odak noktalar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar karde\u015f de\u011fildir; b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7iler karde\u015ftir ve burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fmelidir\u2026<\/p>\n
\u201cKom\u00fcnistlerin, t\u00fcm proletaryan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 yoktur\u2026 Kom\u00fcnizme \u00f6zg\u00fc olan, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle m\u00fclkiyetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil, burjuva m\u00fclkiyetinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 Kom\u00fcnizm, kimsenin toplumsal \u00fcr\u00fcnleri m\u00fclk edinme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elinden alm\u0131yor, yaln\u0131zca o m\u00fclkiyet yoluyla ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n eme\u011fini boyunduru\u011fa sokma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131yor\u2026 \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin vatan\u0131 yoktur. Zaten onlar\u0131n olmayan bir \u015feyin, al\u0131nmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bir bireyin bir ba\u015fka bireyi s\u00f6m\u00fcrmesi ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, bir ulusun da \u00f6tekini s\u00f6m\u00fcrmesi ortadan kalkacakt\u0131r… Kom\u00fcnistler, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve niyetlerini gizlemeyi reddederler. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ancak bug\u00fcne kadarki t\u00fcm toplumsal d\u00fczenin zorla y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla ula\u015fabileceklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildirirler. Vars\u0131n egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar bir kom\u00fcnist devrim \u00fcrk\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcyle\u00a0tir\u00a0tir\u00a0titresinler. Proleterlerin, zincirlerinden ba\u015fka kaybedecek \u015feyleri yok. Bir d\u00fcnya var kazanacaklar\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin proleterleri, birle\u015fin!\u201d<\/p>\n
Marks\u2019\u0131n ve Engels\u2019in 1844-1848 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki hayat\u0131n\u0131 konu eden film kendi i\u00e7inde kurgusu ile bana g\u00f6re ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Her ne kadar kurgu i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7eklikten kopan yaz\u0131m olmu\u015f olsa da o da son y\u0131llarda sinemada pop\u00fcler olan \u00e7ok dilli bir g\u00f6rselin uzan\u0131m\u0131 gibidir. \u00c7ok dili k\u00fclt olacak filmlerden birisi olmaya adayd\u0131r. Sahnelerin ge\u00e7i\u015fleri, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve kamera hareketleri, arka g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin \u00e7ok tizi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile oyunun ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde sunulmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve \u00e7evre se\u00e7imi y\u00f6netmenin ne kadar titiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Elbette oyuncular filme do\u011fall\u0131k katm\u0131\u015f olsalar da \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7ekilen bu filmde y\u00fcz ifadeleri ve sakal uzamas\u0131 gibi olgular g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015f. D\u00f6rt sene insan\u0131 y\u0131pratan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir ama filmde o y\u0131pranmay\u0131 g\u00f6remiyoruz.\u00a0Marks\u00a0s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, gelen her yeni \u00e7ocuk ve sorumluluk onun omuzunda ki y\u00fck\u00fc a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 pek hissedemiyoruz. Marks\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisi de film i\u00e7inde yoktur\u2026 sanki ideal bir ya\u015fam ya\u015f\u0131yorlar ve her \u015fey onlara hizmetine sunulmu\u015f k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131z hal\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcr gibiler\u2026 Engels\u2019in \u201chayat arkada\u015f\u0131\u201d ile ili\u015fkisi farkl\u0131 bir boyutta olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen radikal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131 ve hayat tercihi\u00a0Engels\u00a0\u00fczerine etkisi yokmu\u015f gibi sunulmu\u015f\u2026<\/p>\n
Film her \u015feye ra\u011fmen izlenmesi gereken, i\u00e7inde ince ince sundu\u011fu ironiyi ve kara mizah\u0131 seyirciye yediren bir film\u2026 Eme\u011fi ge\u00e7enlerin emeklerine sa\u011fl\u0131k, \u00f6nemli bir a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanki kapatm\u0131\u015flar gibi\u2026\u00a0Marks\u00a0ve Engels\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ortam\u0131n (\u00e7evrenin) kronolojik olmasa da se\u00e7kin de olsa sunulmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum\u2026 Masas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda oturmu\u015f ve kitap yazan filozoflar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde konu\u015fan bir filozoflar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan bahsediyoruz\u2026\u00a0\u00a0Film onu g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmas\u0131 en az\u0131ndan evinden, masas\u0131ndan devrim yapma hayal kuranlara inceden bir mesaj vermi\u015ftir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden hayat\u0131 planlayanlar \u00f6ncelikle kendi ve en yak\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirsinler\u2026 Bunu bile s\u00f6ylemesi\u00a0\u00f6nemlidir\u2026<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Gen\u00e7 Karl\u00a0Marx..<\/strong><\/p>\n Y\u00f6netmen:\u00a0Raoul\u00a0Peck<\/p>\n Yap\u0131mc\u0131: Nicolas\u00a0Blanc, R\u00e9mi\u00a0Grellety, Robert Gu\u00e9diguian,\u00a0Raoul\u00a0Peck<\/p>\n Senarist: Pascal\u00a0Bonitzer,\u00a0Raoul\u00a0Peck<\/p>\n Oyuncular:\u00a0August\u00a0Diehl, Stefan\u00a0Konarske,\u00a0Vicky\u00a0Krieps,\u00a0Olivier\u00a0Gourmet,\u00a0Hannah\u00a0Steele<\/p>\n M\u00fczik:\u00a0Alexei\u00a0Aigui<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc y\u00f6netmeni:\u00a0Kolja\u00a0Brandt<\/p>\n Sanat y\u00f6netmeni:\u00a0Merlin\u00a0Ortner<\/p>\n Kurgu: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique\u00a0Broos<\/p>\n 1844 y\u0131l\u0131nda havan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r, kasvetli oldu\u011fu zaman diliminde Prusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde yer alan K\u00f6ln \u015fehrinde bir gazete b\u00fcrosunda (Die\u00a0Neue\u00a0Rheinische\u00a0Zeitung) gazete \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma halindedir. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma asl\u0131nda bir ki\u015finin yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 daha net ve somut ifade etme yol ayr\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. D\u0131\u015far\u0131nda polis gazete b\u00fcrosuna bask\u0131n yapmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7eride hararetli bir tart\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6z konusudur.\u00a0Marks\u00a0gazetenin politikas\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirirken […]<\/p>\n<\/span><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<\/span><\/div>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,15],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n