{"id":233446,"date":"2019-09-13T14:10:06","date_gmt":"2019-09-13T14:10:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikgazete.com\/?p=233446"},"modified":"2019-09-13T14:10:06","modified_gmt":"2019-09-13T14:10:06","slug":"kaz-daglari-ve-otesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/kaz-daglari-ve-otesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 ve \u00d6tesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan alt\u0131n madenine kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fan tepkiler son haftalarda ciddi bir ivme kazand\u0131.\u00a0 O kadar ki, h\u00fck\u00fcmet bu tepkilerin yeni bir Gezi hadisesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinden korkar oldu. \u015eimdiden, devlet yetkililerinin tepkilerin ard\u0131nda \u2018\u2018d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019\u2019i ve onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye aleyhtar\u0131 \u015feytanca hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya koyuldu\u011fu, maden alan\u0131 etraf\u0131nda toplan\u0131p g\u00f6steri yapanlar\u0131 da \u015fimdiden kriminalize etmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tepkilerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi do\u011fal, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tahribat\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck.\u00a0 Anla\u015f\u0131lan o ki, madeni i\u015fletecek olan Kanada merkezli Alamos Gold adl\u0131 \u015firkete 3,500 hektar (di\u011fer bir ifadeyle 35,000 d\u00f6n\u00fcm) b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir alan tahsis edilmi\u015f; ve g\u00f6r\u00fclen o ki bu alan\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcndeki a\u011fa\u00e7 ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc kaz\u0131narak hafriyata haz\u0131r hale getirilmi\u015f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki, \u00f6zellikle de Latin Amerika, Orta Asya ve Afrika\u2019daki devasa maden alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, 3,500 hektar\u0131n emsalleri i\u00e7inde hayli \u2018\u2019m\u00fctevazi\u2019\u2019 bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Ku\u015fkusuz, madencilik ve benzeri faaliyetlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131m, sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada ge\u00e7erli ve daha korkun\u00e7 \u00f6rneklerine de rastlamak zor de\u011fil. Ama ba\u015fka diyarlarda daha beterlerinin bulunmas\u0131, buradakinin hafife al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir neden de\u011fildir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta ate\u015f d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeri yakar. Ate\u015fin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu yer ise, insan havsalas\u0131n\u0131 zorlamaya yetecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir: g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne getirilecek olursa, 3,500 hektar alan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 6,540 futbol sahas\u0131na tekab\u00fcl eder. Bu kadar geni\u015f bir orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6klenip yok edilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6zel bir menfaati yoksa hemen hi\u00e7 bir insan\u0131n tepkisiz kalmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00dcstelik, emsallerinin \u00e7o\u011fundan farkl\u0131 olarak, bu maden alan\u0131 insan yerle\u015fimlerine tehlikeli bi\u00e7imde yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye co\u011frafyas\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00f6zel bir yere sahiptir ve Kirazl\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fc mevkiindeki s\u00f6zkonusu maden sahas\u0131, yetkililerce iddia edilenin tersine, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n pek\u00e2l\u00e2 hinterland\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Ho\u015f, bulunmasa da ne yazar ki? Nihayetinde orman ormand\u0131r, do\u011fa da do\u011fa.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Etraftan ve \u00f6zellikle de havadan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f fotograflara bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, direni\u015fe ge\u00e7mekte ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018\u2019At\u0131 alan\u0131n \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi\u2019\u2019 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Nitekim, \u2018\u2019ok yaydan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u2019\u2019 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bu saatten sonra alt\u0131n i\u015fletmecili\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek yerine i\u015fletmecili\u011fi daha ehven \u015fartlarda \u2018\u2019yerli\u2019\u2019 ellere b\u0131rakmakta arayanlar yok de\u011fil.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu se\u00e7ene\u011fi benimseyenler, \u2018\u2019bir kere nas\u0131lsa tahribat yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bari millete yaras\u0131n\u2019\u2019 diyerek, alt\u0131n madencili\u011fine prensipte kar\u015f\u0131 olmayan, ancak madenlerin i\u015fletmesini yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n elinden almak isteyenlerle ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgide bulu\u015fuyorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alt\u0131n madencili\u011finin yerli ellerde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini savunanlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca gerek\u00e7esi ekonomik.\u00a0 \u0130ddialar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Kaz Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda alt\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karacak olan Kanadal\u0131 \u015firketin milyar dolarlar\u0131 bulan k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok ufak bir k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kal\u0131yor. Asl\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pay\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda kesin bir bilgi yok, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hemen her alanda oldu\u011fu gibi madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde de \u2013ve \u00f6zellikle de madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde\u2014ihaleler kapal\u0131 kap\u0131lar ard\u0131nda \u2018\u2019a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor\u2019\u2019; \u00e7o\u011fu ruhsat da zaten do\u011frudan ihalesiz veriliyor. Gene de, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 operasyonunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin (\u2018r\u00f6dovans\u2019 diye de tabir edilen) pay\u0131n\u0131n %8\u2019i ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor. \u00dcstelik, t\u00fcrl\u00fc vergi oyunlar\u0131 ve \u00fcr\u00fcn say\u0131m hileleri sonucu, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu hadisede T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin net kazanc\u0131n\u0131n %2\u2019lere kadar d\u00fc\u015fmesi sozkonusu.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin dizginleri ele almas\u0131n\u0131 isteyenlere g\u00f6re, \u00f6nerilerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde, bu g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131 \u00e7ok daha yukar\u0131lara \u00e7ekilebilir. Dahas\u0131, yarat\u0131lacak do\u011fa tahribat\u0131n\u0131 azaltacak ek yat\u0131r\u0131m masraflar\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131 \u015firketler ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rken, T\u00fcrkiye sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00e2rlardan biraz k\u0131s\u0131p bu masraflar\u0131 g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleyebilir. Yani Kanadal\u0131 \u015firket, ya\u011fma d\u00fczeyine eri\u015fmesine ra\u011fmen k\u00e2r\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 bir taviz vermezken, T\u00fcrkiye daha makul bir k\u00e2r marj\u0131yla yetinebilir.\u00a0 B\u00f6ylece alt\u0131n madencili\u011fi, \u00e7evreye daha az zarar vererek, daha kontroll\u00fc \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu yerli ve milli i\u015fletmecilik taraftarlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda bug\u00fcne dek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen tahribat\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama, Kanadal\u0131 \u015firketi devreden \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Baz\u0131 direni\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u2018\u2019Kanadal\u0131 \u015firket defol!\u2019\u2019 mealindeki sloganlar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu \u015firketin derhal lisans\u0131 iptal edilmeli ve \u00fclkesine yollanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne var ki, heyhat! G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir \u2018\u2019devrim\u2019\u2019 durumu\u00a0 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00fcstelik tam tersine, \u00fclke bir \u2018\u2019kar\u015f\u0131-devrim\u2019\u2019 ivmesiyle kapitalizmin en vah\u015fi bi\u00e7imlerinden birine b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, bu y\u00f6nde bir talep \u00e7ocuk\u00e7a bir tepkiden ileri gidemez maalesef.\u00a0 Zira \u00fcrk\u00fctece\u011fi yabanc\u0131 sermaye zaten pek kalmam\u0131\u015fken, daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131racak bir ad\u0131m atacak konumda de\u011fildir T\u00fcrkiye. O bak\u0131mdan, e\u011fer ger\u00e7ekten g\u00f6nderilecekse veya g\u00f6nderilebilirse, Kanadal\u0131 \u015firketle masaya oturmaktan ba\u015fka pek bir \u00e7are yok gibidir \u015fimdilik.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nitekim AKP\u2019nin eski milletvekillerinden fakat uzun zamand\u0131r da muhaliflerinden olan Emin \u015eirin, ge\u00e7enlerde bu do\u011frultuda bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisinde bulundu<\/span>: T\u00fcrkiye, hi\u00e7 vakit kaybetmeden, bug\u00fcne dek ruhsat ve yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in ne kadar harcama yapt\u0131ysa, Kanada \u015firketini tazmin etsin ve yeni bir milli \u015firket kurarak, yoluna devam etsin. Emin \u015eirin\u2019e g\u00f6re, Kanada \u015firketine tazminat yerine yeni kurulacak \u015firkette bir hisse de verilebilir. Ama her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda, T\u00fcrkiye kontrol\u00fcndeki bir i\u015fletmecilik, \u00fclkeye kat be kat kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flar, \u00fcstelik do\u011facak tahribat\u0131 asgariye indirecek tedbirleri de alabilir.\u00a0 Dahas\u0131, \u00e7ok daha k\u00e2rl\u0131 olacak b\u00f6yle bir \u015firket de\u011ferine de\u011fer kataca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, g\u00fcn\u00fc geldi\u011finde d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir; bu ise T\u00fcrkiye b\u00fct\u00e7esine katmerli bir ilave katk\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Emin \u015eirin\u2019e g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hemen hi\u00e7bir maden \u015firketi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yazsa bile, a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 madeni i\u015fi bittikten sonra \u00f6rt\u00fcp a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rmaz, \u00e7eker gider, ortadan kaybolur. Bunu yapacak tek g\u00fc\u00e7, devlettir, orman idaresidir.\u00a0 B\u00fct\u00fcn planlama ve mevzuat\u0131n da bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f6zgelimi, a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve i\u015flenmi\u015f bir maden sahas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, daha \u00f6nceden, bitki ve a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne hayat veren ve \u2018kapak topra\u011f\u0131\u2019 denilen asgari yar\u0131m metrelik en \u00fcst toprak tabakas\u0131n\u0131n dikkatlice s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131p bir kenarda muhafaza edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Aksi halde, \u00e7\u0131plak maden sahas\u0131 sath\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak bir a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rmadan tabiat\u0131yla hay\u0131r gelmez.\u00a0 Yabanc\u0131 olsun, yerli olsun, uzmanl\u0131k ve ekstra masraf gerektiren bu t\u00fcr i\u015flerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmayacak maden \u015firketi herhalde hi\u00e7 yoktur. Bazen, s\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k sorumlulu\u011funun oldu\u011fu durumlarda dahi, devletin de bu i\u015fleri bo\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Fakat nihayetinde, teorik olarak olmasa da pratikte, bu i\u015flerin \u00fcstesinden gelmeye muktedir tek g\u00fc\u00e7, devlettir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eirin\u2019e g\u00f6re, siyan\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011facak tehlikelerin bertaraf edilmesi de, s\u0131k\u0131 devlet kontrol\u00fc gerektirir. Hi\u00e7bir \u015firket, \u00f6zellikle de yabanc\u0131 \u015firket, siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc suyun depolanaca\u011f\u0131 havuzlar\u0131 asgari normlar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir \u00f6zenle in\u015fa etme zahmetine girmez; bu normlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalaca\u011f\u0131 bile \u015f\u00fcphelidir. Bu konuda inisiyatifi \u015firketlere b\u0131rakmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, do\u011frudan denetimle de yetinmeyip, devletin bu havuzlar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 bizzat \u00fcstlenmesi elzemdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndan, Emin \u015eirin\u2019in alt\u0131n madencili\u011fi konusunda bilgili oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri de makul g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak baz\u0131 varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 ne kadar do\u011frudur, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u015eirin\u2019in Kaz Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki s\u00f6zkonusu maden sahas\u0131n\u0131n verimlili\u011fiyle ilgili varsay\u0131m\u0131 geliyor. Verimlili\u011fi yeterli de\u011filse, bu saha ancak \u2018\u2019ya\u011fma\u2019\u2019 d\u00fczeyinde bir i\u015fletmecili\u011fe elverirken, \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rleri yani d\u0131\u015fsal ekonomileri hesaba katan \u2018\u2019sorumlu\u2019\u2019 bir i\u015fletmecili\u011fe pek\u00e2l\u00e2 imk\u00e2n vermeyebilir.\u00a0 \u015eirin, hesab\u0131n\u0131 serbest piyasa ekonomisinin gereklerine g\u00f6re yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu verimlilik derecesinin ne oldu\u011fu \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eirin, konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir yerinde Bergama alt\u0131n madeninin ne kadar verimli oldu\u011fundan dem vururken, bir rakam veriyor: ton ba\u015f\u0131na 25 \u2013 28 gram.\u00a0 Yani, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan her bir ton topraktan ortalama 25 ila 28 gram aras\u0131 alt\u0131n \u00fcretildi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bir alt\u0131n madeninin verimlilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen ba\u015fl\u0131ca orand\u0131r bu. Peki, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 Kirazl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7in verilen rakam nedir? Ton ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 gram. O halde, madencilerin deyimiyle, asl\u0131nda \u2018\u2019d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ten\u00f6rl\u00fc\u2019\u2019 bir sahad\u0131r buras\u0131.\u00a0 Y\u00fczde 4 gibi bir oran, ya\u011fmac\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabartmaya fazlas\u0131yla yetebilir, ama tedbirli ve sorumlu bir madencili\u011fe yeterli bir k\u00e2r marj\u0131 b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alt\u0131n madenini yabanc\u0131 \u015firketler yerine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kendisinin i\u015fletmesi, yarat\u0131lan kazanc\u0131n \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fclkede kalmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elbette avantajl\u0131 bir durumdur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu alana sermaye yat\u0131rmakta mali yeterlili\u011fi veya \u00f6nceli\u011finin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir, fakat teknik yeterlili\u011fi ve donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 herhalde s\u00f6ylenemez.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne var ki, i\u015fin \u2018milli eller\u2019le y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin, do\u011facak potansiyel tahribat\u0131 ne kadar azalt\u0131labilece\u011fi pek belli de\u011fildir. Yerli \u00f6zel \u015firketler bir yana, bizzat devlet veya kamunun bile, hele g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki haliyle, \u2018\u2019tedbirli ve sorumlu madencili\u011fin\u2019\u2019 bir garantisi olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r. Nihayetinde, gene a\u011fa\u00e7lar kesilecek, topraklar kaz\u0131nacak, u\u00e7urum derinli\u011finde \u00e7ukurlar a\u00e7\u0131lacak, binlerce ton siyan\u00fcr kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 su at\u0131k havuzlar\u0131n\u0131 dolduracakt\u0131r. \u2018\u2019Yerli\u2019\u2019 de olsa \u2018\u2018milli\u2019\u2019 de olsa, tereya\u011f\u0131ndan k\u0131l \u00e7ekercesine topraktan alt\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n t\u0131ls\u0131ml\u0131 bir yolu yoktur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoksa var m\u0131d\u0131r? \u00d6rne\u011fin siyan\u00fcrs\u00fcz alt\u0131n madencili\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr? Maden m\u00fchendisi \u00dclk\u00fcn Tansel\u2019e g\u00f6re, pek\u00e2l\u00e2 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ge\u00e7enlerde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalede, \u015f\u00f6yle diyor (24 A\u011fustos, Cumhuriyet)<\/span>: \u2018\u2019Siyan\u00fcr kullanan de\u011ferli metal madencili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir se\u00e7enekler bulunmaktad\u0131r; fakat maden sanayii taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmemektedir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc siyan\u00fcr olas\u0131 tehlikeleri \u00e7evre ve halk\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u0131kabildikleri s\u00fcrece \u2018en ucuz\u2019 se\u00e7enektir.\u00a0 Do\u011fadan istediklerini ald\u0131ktan sonra, topra\u011f\u0131 sonsuza dek ceraatli bir yara ile ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131p gitmektedirler.\u2019\u2019 Tansel, bu \u2018\u2019ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir se\u00e7enekler\u2019\u2019 hakk\u0131nda bir ipucu vermiyor, fakat bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla, reg\u00fclasyonu en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde dahi, \u2018\u2019siyan\u00fcrs\u00fcz se\u00e7enekler\u2019\u2019 pek rastlanan bir uygulama de\u011fil.\u00a0 Muhtemeldir ki Tansel\u2019in akl\u0131ndaki se\u00e7enekler, teknik bak\u0131mdan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir olmakla birlikte, ekonomik bak\u0131mdan halen bir ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi bulunmayan alternatiflerdir (hidrojenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan otomobil gibi); ya da, teorik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakla birlikte, pratikte hen\u00fcz uygulama imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmayan alternatiflerdir (\u2018radyasyonsuz\u2019 n\u00fckleer enerji \u00fcretiminde, fisyon yerine f\u00fczyon alternatifi gibi, \u00f6rne\u011fin).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eu kadar\u0131 yeterince belli ki, jeoloji ve madencilik camias\u0131nda alt\u0131n\u0131n ticari \u00f6l\u00e7ekte siyan\u00fcrs\u00fcz \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na dair yayg\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi vard\u0131r (akarsu yataklar\u0131ndan alt\u0131n zerrecikleri toplamak gibi eski usul mekanik y\u00f6ntemler haricinde tabii, ki bunlar da bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleriyle ticari \u00f6l\u00e7ekte say\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7enlerde kendisiyle yap\u0131lan uzun bir s\u00f6yle\u015fide<\/span>, jeoloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc Cenk Yalt\u0131rak da, alt\u0131n \u00fcretiminin siyan\u00fcrs\u00fcz olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor<\/span>. <\/span>Ama di\u011fer taraftan, siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7evreye zarar verme riskinin belirli y\u00f6ntemlerle azalt\u0131labilece\u011fini de s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ona g\u00f6re, \u00e7o\u011fu madencilik t\u00fcrlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, alt\u0131n madencili\u011finde de \u2018\u2019a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019\u2019 i\u015fletme \u2018\u2019kapal\u0131\u2019\u2019 i\u015fletme tarz\u0131na oranla daha ucuz, fakat daha riskli. S\u00f6zgelimi, a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme sisteminde siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc sular at\u0131k havuzlar\u0131nda biriktirilip bu sulardaki siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bozu\u015farak zarars\u0131z hale gelmesi bekleniyor. Daha g\u00fcvenli kapal\u0131 devre havuzlarda ise, siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn yapay ultraviyole ile etkisizle\u015ftirilmesi s\u00f6zkonusu.\u00a0 Yalt\u0131rak\u2019a g\u00f6re kapal\u0131 sistem, i\u015fletmelerin k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir miktar azaltmakla beraber, i\u015ftahlar\u0131n\u0131 kesecek d\u00fczeyde bir masraf kalemi olu\u015fturmuyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yalt\u0131rak, alt\u0131n madencili\u011fine prensipte kar\u015f\u0131 olan biri de\u011fil. \u00d6rne\u011fin Bergama b\u00f6lgesindeki alt\u0131n madenlerinden memnun oldu\u011fu ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlerini onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ama konu Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 olunca, itirazlar\u0131 birbirini izliyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yalt\u0131rak, Biga Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerinde detayl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015f biri. O bak\u0131mdan Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bekleyen tehlikeleri t\u00fcm hinterland\u0131yla birlikte daha geni\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirebilecek bir konumda. \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en fay hatlar\u0131ndan akarsu g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131na dek, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu b\u00f6lge hakk\u0131nda sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 risklere bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, en g\u00fcvenli \u015fekliyle bile alt\u0131n madencili\u011finin burada z\u00fcl oldu\u011fu, d\u00fcped\u00fcz bir fel\u00e2ketler zincirine yol a\u00e7ma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Nitekim kendisi de teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 ve genel hatlar\u0131yla Biga Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131n madencili\u011fine kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yalt\u0131rak\u2019\u0131n uyar\u0131lar\u0131, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda \u2018\u2018alt\u0131n madencili\u011fi yap\u0131ls\u0131n ama emin ellerde yap\u0131ls\u0131n, k\u00e2r\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kals\u0131n\u2019\u2019 diyenlerin pek \u00e7ok ciddi riski g\u00f6zard\u0131 ettiklerini veya hafife ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. B\u00f6ylece, Emin \u015eirin\u2019in dile getirdi\u011fi ve ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u2018\u2019makul\u2019\u2019 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen t\u00fcrden \u00f6nerilerin pek de o kadar \u2018\u2018makul\u2019\u2019 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0 Ger\u00e7ekten makul olan, ara form\u00fcller aramak yerine, ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun s\u00f6zkonusu maden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kesin tav\u0131r koymak ve bu do\u011frultuda yay\u0131lmakta olan direni\u015fe kat\u0131lmakt\u0131r, nokta. Bu a\u015famada e\u011fer \u015eirin\u2019in anlaml\u0131 say\u0131labilecek \u2018\u2019makul\u2019\u2019 bir \u00f6nerisi varsa, o da herhalde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Alamos Gold\u2019a tazminat \u00f6demeyi g\u00f6ze almas\u0131d\u0131r, zira ancak b\u00f6yle bir ad\u0131m bu \u015firketi yolundan al\u0131koyabilir. O da tabii, a\u011f\u0131r bir kamuoyu bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kal\u0131rsa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130yi de, gene ba\u015ftaki sorumuza geliyoruz: direni\u015f i\u00e7in ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? \u0130ki y\u00fcz bine yak\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6klendikten, onca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alan \u00f6l\u00fc bir gezegen par\u00e7as\u0131na benzetildikten sonra, i\u015f i\u015ften ge\u00e7mi\u015f de\u011fil midir?<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, \u2018\u2019zarar\u0131n neresinden d\u00f6n\u00fclse k\u00e2rd\u0131r\u2019\u2019 d\u00fcsturuna g\u00f6re hareket etmekten ba\u015fka \u00e7are yok. Zira bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan zarar, madenin i\u015fletilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak zarar\u0131n yan\u0131nda devede kulak kalabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan tahribat, elbette az\u0131msanacak gibi de\u011fildir: bir kere, imha edilen orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine ayn\u0131s\u0131 konamaz. Yap\u0131lacak a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma, eski orman\u0131n flora zenginli\u011finden yoksun bir monok\u00fclt\u00fcr uygulamas\u0131ndan ibaret kalacakt\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu da tabii uygun bir toprak tabakas\u0131 bulunabilirse. Bir bak\u0131ma, orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tutundu\u011fu toprak tabakas\u0131, bu \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc olu\u015fturan a\u011fa\u00e7 ve bitkilerden \u00e7ok daha k\u0131ymetlidir (Prof. Yalt\u0131rak, 1 m3 –bir metrek\u00fcp– kirlenmemi\u015f organik topra\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretmenin maliyetinin bug\u00fcn 10,000 –on bin– dolar\u0131 buldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Her\u015fey bir yana, alt\u0131n madencili\u011finin bilumum getiri\/g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 kendi ba\u015f\u0131na m\u00fcstehcen bir sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye yetecek bir rakam!). Tabii bir de, bulunsa bile, bu ya\u015famsal toprak tabakas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fletme sonras\u0131 cascavlak kalm\u0131\u015f kel zemine tutunma meselesi var.\u00a0 Maden alanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma i\u015finin, bir villa bah\u00e7esine haz\u0131r rulo \u00e7im sermek kadar kolay olamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gene de, ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi halinde, bug\u00fcne kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen tahribat\u0131n telafisi hi\u00e7 de\u011filse k\u0131smen m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr denebilir.\u00a0 \u00d6zellikle, i\u015fletmeye hen\u00fcz maruz kalmam\u0131\u015f ve devasa oyuklarla bozulmam\u0131\u015f bir topo\u011frafyada bu daha da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ne var ki, \u00e7evre ile ilgili davalar\u0131n o vazge\u00e7ilmez terimiyle ifade edersek, \u2018\u2019telafisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan\u2019\u2019 esas y\u0131k\u0131m, elbette ki siyan\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131yla gelen tehlikedir.\u00a0 Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 gibi bir co\u011frafyada bu tehlikenin boyutu o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ki, bu tehlikeyi bertaraf etmek i\u00e7in verilen hi\u00e7 bir m\u00fccadele ge\u00e7 say\u0131lmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 bekliyen tehlikenin, yaln\u0131z Kirazl\u0131 mevkiinde i\u015fletilecek madenle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Kirazl\u0131\u2019ya pek uzak olmayan A\u011f\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 mevkiinde, planlamas\u0131 ve \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan daha da geni\u015f bir alan var (Prof. Yalt\u0131rak\u2019a g\u00f6re, Kirazl\u0131 madeninin yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5\u2014iki bu\u00e7uk\u2014misli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir alan). \u015eimdi Kirazl\u0131\u2019ya odaklanan m\u00fccadele bug\u00fcn kaybedilse bile, sebat ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bu m\u00fccadele, yak\u0131nda A\u011f\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 etraf\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan bir ba\u015fka ve daha da kritik bir m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rabilir; en az\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir kamuoyu oldu\u011funu ve bu kamuoyunun uyumad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnya aleme g\u00f6stererek, gizli gizli ilave maden alanlar\u0131 planlayanlar\u0131 iki defa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye zorlayabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz, Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgularken, ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgeleri \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirme tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmemek gerekir. Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6zeldir, kabul. Ancak b\u00f6yle bir kabul\u00fcn \u2018\u2019benim b\u00f6lgem en \u00f6zel!\u2019\u2019 kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na varmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilecekse, ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerin \u00f6zelliklerini ve sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rmamak gerekir. Prof. Yalt\u0131rak\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lge-odakl\u0131 analitik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir; uyar\u0131lar\u0131 da bu nedenle fevkal\u00e2de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken uyar\u0131lard\u0131r.\u00a0 Fakat Yalt\u0131rak bir k\u0131yaslama \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde, s\u00f6zgelimi \u2018\u2019Bergama madeninde sorun yok, gayet iyi gidiyor\u2019\u2019 gibi bir s\u00f6z sarfetti\u011fi zaman, araya belirli bir mesafe koymak herhalde yararl\u0131 olur. Nihayetinde, \u00e7evre konular\u0131 en duyarl\u0131 m\u00fchendislere ve jeologlara bile b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacak kadar \u00f6nemlidir. Onlar\u0131n uyar\u0131 ve analizleri de\u011ferlidir, ama \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren ve bizzat ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n duygu ve tepkileri daha da de\u011ferlidir. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Yalt\u0131rak da dahil pek \u00e7ok m\u00fchendis ve jeolo\u011fun da mutlaka bilincinde oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir bu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tamamen belirli bir b\u00f6lgeye odaklanm\u0131\u015f \u2018\u2019nokta at\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019\u2019 tarz\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleler, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta ve belki k\u0131sa vadede daha etkili olsa da, ancak daha geni\u015f bir perspektif ve cephe i\u00e7inde kal\u0131c\u0131 olabilirler.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nitekim, 60\u2019a yak\u0131n \u00e7evreci sivil toplum kurulu\u015funun \u00e7at\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olan \u2018\u2019Jeoloji Birli\u011fi\u2019\u2019, ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn kamuoyuna sundu\u011fu yaz\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, tam da bu gereklili\u011fi vurgulayan bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunuyordu.\u00a0 A\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKazda\u011flar\u0131 ve \u00e7evresinde 10 y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcredir ya\u015fam savunusu m\u00fccadelesi verilmektedir. Hem alanlarda verilen m\u00fccadele, hem de hukuk m\u00fccadelesi alt\u0131n madencili\u011finde s\u00fcreci olduk\u00e7a yava\u015flatmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00dcMAD\u2019\u0131n Lapseki ve \u0130vrindi Alt\u0131n Madeni Projelerinin ba\u015flan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilememi\u015f olsa da di\u011fer projelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 durdurulmu\u015f bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda da ba\u015flan\u0131lmamas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026<\/span>Kirazl\u0131 n\u00f6bet alan\u0131 ekoloji m\u00fccadelesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan t\u00fcm \u00fclkede ve hatta uluslararas\u0131 boyutta da simge haline gelmi\u015ftir. N\u00f6bet alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7ad\u0131rl\u0131 direni\u015f t\u00fcm \u00fclkeye umut vermektedir\u2026Kirazl\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 b\u00f6lgede s\u0131rada bekleyen di\u011fer alt\u0131n madeni projelerinin de \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesecektir\u2026 Kazda\u011flar\u0131 ve \u00e7evresindeki ekoloji m\u00fccadelesinin, toplumun t\u00fcm kesimleri ile birlikte, t\u00fcm emek ve demokrasi g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve kad\u0131n hareketi ile de b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ferek, bu konuda emek vermek isteyen herkesi kucaklayarak, belirli bir strateji \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm ekoloji \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin de deste\u011fini alarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0 \u00d6te yandan, m\u00fccadelenin gelece\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirleyecek olan \u015feyin y\u00f6re k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin bu m\u00fccadele i\u00e7erisine daha \u00e7ok \u00e7ekilmesi ve hatta m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. M\u00fccadelenin yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ve yeni yarat\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle, emek vermek isteyen herkesi kucaklayarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi temennimizdir\u2026 Kazda\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadelenin yang\u0131n yerine d\u00f6nen \u00fclkemizin Munzur, Ordu, Fatsa, Murat Da\u011f\u0131, Artvin, Hasankeyf, Ayd\u0131n, Manisa gibi di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde verilen m\u00fccadeleler ile birle\u015fmesi, kucakla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz, yukar\u0131daki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 do\u011frultusunda cepheyi fazlaca geni\u015f tutma fikrinin, belirli noktalarda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadeleleri suland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7ta zay\u0131flataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.\u00a0 Direni\u015f cephesinin ne kadar geni\u015f veya dar tutulaca\u011f\u0131, elbette \u00fclkenin siyasal iklimine ve konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir ve her somut durum i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeler gerektirir. Ama \u015fu kadar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ki, pratikte cephe ne b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte tutulursa tutulsun, perspektifin her daim geni\u015f tutulmas\u0131na herhalde kimsenin itiraz\u0131 olmaz.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

_________________<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131, 10 Eyl\u00fcl 2019\u2019da Birikim Dergisi\/G\u00fcncel\u2019de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 \u00e7evresinde a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan alt\u0131n madenine kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fan tepkiler son haftalarda ciddi bir ivme kazand\u0131.\u00a0 O kadar ki, h\u00fck\u00fcmet bu tepkilerin yeni bir Gezi hadisesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinden korkar oldu. \u015eimdiden, devlet yetkililerinin tepkilerin ard\u0131nda \u2018\u2018d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019\u2019i ve onlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye aleyhtar\u0131 \u015feytanca hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya koyuldu\u011fu, maden alan\u0131 etraf\u0131nda toplan\u0131p g\u00f6steri yapanlar\u0131 da \u015fimdiden kriminalize etmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n

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UCLA\u2019da (University of California at Los Angeles) siyasal bilimler okudu, 1974\u2019te mezun oldu. 1975 \u2013 1981 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1980 darbesinin ard\u0131ndan, Y\u00d6K\u2019\u00fcn de kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte fak\u00fclteden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. 1982 \u2013 1987 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli yay\u0131n ve \u00e7eviri i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve gen\u00e7li\u011finden beri hobisi olan tar\u0131mla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 baz\u0131 projelere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1983 \u2013 84 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sorbonne\u2019un (Universit\u00e9 de Paris) Felsefe Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde en sevdi\u011fi Frans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerden olan Jacques Bouveresse\u2019in seminerlerini izledi ve DEA yapt\u0131. 1991\u2019de, Trakya\u2019da \u00f6nceden ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kavak yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini geni\u015fleterek, fide ve fidan \u00fcretimine d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00e7iftlik kurdu. 1992 \u2013 2004 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Felsefe B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde, Yeditepe \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin de Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yar\u0131m ve tam-zamanl\u0131 olarak belirli aral\u0131klarla dersler verdi. 2007\u2019ten beri zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Kanada\u2019n\u0131n Montreal kentinde ge\u00e7irmekte olup, halen eski ve \u201carkaik\u201d tohum koleksiyonculu\u011fu, a\u011fa\u00e7 fidesi \u00fcretimi ve fidanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli ticari ve deneysel faaliyetlerde yer almaktad\u0131r.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/author\/adnaeksi\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 ve \u00d6tesi - 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UCLA\u2019da (University of California at Los Angeles) siyasal bilimler okudu, 1974\u2019te mezun oldu. 1975 \u2013 1981 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1980 darbesinin ard\u0131ndan, Y\u00d6K\u2019\u00fcn de kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte fak\u00fclteden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. 1982 \u2013 1987 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli yay\u0131n ve \u00e7eviri i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve gen\u00e7li\u011finden beri hobisi olan tar\u0131mla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 baz\u0131 projelere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1983 \u2013 84 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sorbonne\u2019un (Universit\u00e9 de Paris) Felsefe Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde en sevdi\u011fi Frans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerden olan Jacques Bouveresse\u2019in seminerlerini izledi ve DEA yapt\u0131. 1991\u2019de, Trakya\u2019da \u00f6nceden ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kavak yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini geni\u015fleterek, fide ve fidan \u00fcretimine d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00e7iftlik kurdu. 1992 \u2013 2004 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Felsefe B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde, Yeditepe \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin de Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yar\u0131m ve tam-zamanl\u0131 olarak belirli aral\u0131klarla dersler verdi. 2007\u2019ten beri zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Kanada\u2019n\u0131n Montreal kentinde ge\u00e7irmekte olup, halen eski ve \u201carkaik\u201d tohum koleksiyonculu\u011fu, a\u011fa\u00e7 fidesi \u00fcretimi ve fidanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli ticari ve deneysel faaliyetlerde yer almaktad\u0131r.","url":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/author\/adnaeksi\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233446"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=233446"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233446\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/232499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=233446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=233446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikgazete.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=233446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}